ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

Ancient Egyptian architecture is classified into four main sections

1.      Models and Obelisks
2.       After life architecture
3.       Religious architecture
4.       Civil and military architecture

1. Models and Obelisks

1.1.Obelisks (masala) is a peace of Granite, borrowed in the ground, which is fixed verticaly, has a rectangular section pointed at the end as a small pyramid. most of the obelisks have the pharaoh`s name on the top, and words of supplication and pleading for Gods, whom the temple held for.

Most of the time the obelisk is placed in front of the temple, the most commonly are:

The Obelisk of Hatshepsut 33.20m heigh. And the two obelisks of Luxor temple, one of them is 25m height and 257 tons. The other one is located in Paris middle of concord yard 22.14m height and 220 tons.

1.2. Columns:

Egyptians borrowed the forms in nature to the columns, these columns were named later for their looking .. Papyriform  and Lotiform, or any other shape.

The ordinary column consists of base, stem and crown on the top of the column.

1.2.1. simple shape:

The oldest shape of this period, have no base or crown, have a rectangular cross section, with no base or crown .. can be found in the Valley temple wadi temple near the sphinx and the other is near to Sakara .

1.2.2. Semi periodic column

the same as the Greek doric column with small difference. 

1.2.3. Papyriform: named like the papyrus and have a crown like a group of closed flowers, the stem is made like the flowers stem have a triangular side which r collected down by 5 ties, and has a rounded base ( founded in Ammon and Luxor temples)

1.2.4. Lotiform: named like the Lotus flower of Egypt and got 3 shapes

Crown consisting of a single closed flower with cylindrical stem.

Crown consists of an opened flower like an upsid bell.

Crown consists of a group of closed flowers which r collected down by 5 ties.

1.2.5. Palmiform: named like the palms` leaves

1.2.6. Hatorique: column named for the ancient god Hauteur (symboled by a cow)

Have a box crown shape with the symbol of hator on it`s sides (dandara temple)

1.2.7. Composite column: a composition between Lotiform and an imaginary crown and have many colors on it.